Country Study on Malaysia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Country Study on Malaysia - Term Paper Example 60 per cent of the population comprises ethnic Malays, 26 per cent of the population is Chinese while the rest are Indians and other indigenous races. Since 1971, Malays have witnessed positive discrimination and ethnic Chinese are wealthiest of all communities in Malaysia socially as well as politically whereas the Indians are the poorest. The global economic downturn has dented the economic prospects in Malaysia. The government introduced an economic stimulus plan worth $16bn in 2009 to deter the effect of the approaching recession (â€Å"Malaysia Profile†). Branding association of Malaysia The Branding Association of Malaysia was established in July 2000. It advocates unity between the member countries in order to identify solutions to policies and problems that are challenges to the brand. The Branding Association of Malaysia has contemplated the establishment of a branding association for the Asean countries so that brands’ needs across the region with respect to p roduct promotion and marketing can be addressed. Countries member of Asean include Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Myanmar, Laos, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. President Datuk Eric Chong has suggested all member countries to establish their branding association by approaching small and medium enterprises and identify valuable brands: â€Å"We are ready to help Asean business associations to establish similar organisations like us. Currently, we are helping our friends in Thailand to set up a branding association† (Chong cited in â€Å"Branding Association†). Business communities can use the branding association in order to prepare for the 2015 Asean Economic Community. As an Asean member, Malaysia has taken effective measures for greater liberalization of trade among the member countries in 2003 to realize the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is another major trade initiative that strives for the achievement of economic and trade integration regionally by the year 2015 so that free flow of services and goods, capital and investment can be facilitated among the member countries. According to the research carried out by the World Trade Organization, benefits obtained from the trade facilitation reform would affect ASEAN significantly. For example, trade would be boosted by 7.5 per cent with the improvement in port facilities and by 5.7 per cent with the improvement of competitiveness in the sector of internet services in the region (â€Å"Doing business in† 16). Resources Malaysia is a resource-rich country. The two main exports of Malaysia are palm oil and petroleum. Petrol is nationalized and its revenues contribute up to 40 per cent of the annual governmental budget of Malaysia (Coca). The palm oil conglomerates in Malaysia are the world’s largest and make up 39 per cent of the palm oil production all over the world (Coca). Natural resources were almost a third of the total exports of M alaysia in 2012 (Coca). While the resource-rich countries conventionally experience the eruption of civil wars in them because of decreased dependence on the taxes for revenues and accordingly lesser accountability to the citizens, Malaysia is one such resource-rich country that has shown growth and stability by making correct use of its resources. Malaysia is located alongside the world’s busiest trade route i.e. the straights of Malacca. Malaysia

The First Tim I Came to the US Essay Example for Free

The First Tim I Came to the US Essay When I came to the United States, I felt very glad. My whole family was already living here. I was excited to be with them again. My family brought me happiness and joy. They showed me around New Jersey so I would not get lost. In the next few months after my arrival, I got a job. In this state, it is very important to have a job to be able to pay bills and the necessary items needed to live. When I was in my job, I worked hard and quickly to earn my living. While I was working, I used to think about how different the Dominican Republic was here. From there, I knew that I had to think about how different the Dominican Republic was from here. From there, I knew that I had to learn English because my boss was American, and he did not know Spanish. The days went by, and I knew that I needed to learn English as fast as possible. I talked to my family because some of them knew English. I then started learning from them. I had a beautiful daughter, Leslie. I could not wait for her to get older. When Leslie got older, she helped me. She gave me homework to do and started speaking to me in English. I had to understand her because she told me she was only going to talk to me in English. Every time I said a word incorrectly, I had to keep on saying it. Months passed, and I was saying the word that I struggled with correctly. I was so happy for myself. The next thing you know, I was going to a university. My teacher, Israel Delgado, helped me a lot. I feel like English is a good thing to know. It is very helpful.

Cigarrette Advertisements Essay -- essays research papers

Cigarette Advertisements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertisements are everywhere. After turning on the television, within minutes the viewer will glimpse dozens of spot ads that attempt to lure him/her to buy a certain product, join a certain club, or watch a specific show. When driving on a highway those in the vehicle will pass countless billboards urging them to stop at a particular restaurant, spend the night at a distinguished hotel, or visit enjoyable family theme parks. The most prominent form of advertisement, however, are those ads found in magazines. Magazines house numerous ads for every different product imaginable. Advertisements that promote cigarette smoking cover dozens of magazine pages each month. With a variety of brands to choose from, including Marlboro, Kool, Winston, and Newport, advertisers compete with each other to target every age, gender, and career profession to successfully convert smokers to their brand of cigarettes. Before a person decides on what brand of cigarettes to purchase, h e/she must ask and be able to answer one question; Which cigarette advertisement most effectively urges people to buy their brand of cigarettes?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first cigarette ad that is attached is that promoting Winston cigarettes. This ad, taken from Mademoiselle magazine, is predominately targeted towards women. It is a two-page advertisement that reads, “I wanted a light, not his life story.'; Below the quote there is a round, black “No Bull'; stamp imprinted. On the opposite page there is a black and white picture of a woman smoking her cigarette. She is listening to the man sitting next to her incessantly talking. From the expression on her face the reader is able to assume that she is completely uninterested in what he has to say. Obviously annoyed, she is thinking to herself that all she wanted was a light. The twice-mentioned “No Bull'; slogan that exists on both pages of the Winston advertisement adds great emphasis to the fact that Winston cigarettes contain 100 percent tobacco and no additives. Besides the fact that the advertisement is large, it also draws the reader’s attention through its color scheme. A box of Winston cigarettes is colored red and white; similarly, the quote is enclosed in a white box surrounded by red on both the top and the bottom, bringing further e... ...rtrayed in this advertisement in no way seemed trashy. She was not looked upon as a sex symbol or other related stereotypes pointed out in Killing Us Softly which have often been used in the past. The model was presented as being a “real woman.'; Although this real woman persona is a stereotype as well the real woman of today can relate to her in a stronger sense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With all the distinct cigarette advertisements which are present in today’s society it is common to vary the choice of brands to buy. With respect to the three advertisements looked at, I feel compelled to favor Winston. The Winston cigarette advertisement portrays an image of a much more confident and secure woman. Such an attitude is greatly desired and admired by women of today. With its creativity, color, scheme, catchy quote, and relatable images the Winston advertisers successfully attract many prospective buyers. After thumbing through magazine after magazine, acknowledging the different aspects of each distinct cigarette ad, I believe that the Winston brand cigarette promotion conveys the most desired image, and is thus, in turn, the most effective advertisement.

Adilf Hitler :: essays research papers fc

Nazi belief, and murder of the Jews a key policy. 2 German laws made by Hitler soon required everyone who had one or more Jewish grandparent to register. Those with one grandparent may have escaped but if you had two grandparents you were sent to a concentration camp and classifed as a Jew. One night symbolizing the begining of mass persecution was Kristallnacht, November 10th, 1938, "the night of broken glass". Jewish stores and houses were attacked, synagogues burned, and many Jews were sent to concentration camps. During this time, there were a few countries that would accept Jews. Hitler launched World War 2 by marching into Poland in 1939. Most of Western Europe then fell into the FÃ ¼hrer (Hitler), who had personal command of the troops. Germany invaded the soviet Union in 1941, but Hitler, Crazed with power, had lost his military judgement. His failure to Capture Stalingrad, 1942 - 1943, was the turning point; unable to cope with defeat, he refused to recognize it o r negotiate for peace. As the tide of war turned against him, his mass annhiliation of Jews, socialists, gypsies, and others was excelerated. After the Second World War had began in 1939, the Nazi's dropped all restrictions they had previously made towards the systematic murder of all Jews. In countries such as Europe, steps were made for Jews to follow in order to be seperated from the rest of the population. First Jews were required to register, then they were known to the Gestapo. Some families sent their children to live with christian families and live under an assumed identity. Hitler sent The Jews of Poland to live in poverty stricken ghettos where they were exposed to disease and malnutrition. With the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the Nazi policy of murder began to operate with no restrictions. The armies in Russia were followed by an "extermination squad" who shot hundreds of thousands of people, the majority being Jewish. The Nazis had already setup thou sands of concentration camps to imprison anyone who imposed them. These now began to operate as factories of death. Auschwitz was the biggest of these death camps, a city of barricks where hundreds of thousands of people starved to death amid indescribable brutality. At it's center stood gas chambers and creamatoria design to take train loads of human beings, gas them and burn them.

Hamlet the Passive Intellect

The actions and events in Shakespeare’s Hamlet revolve around Hamlet’s inactivity. Without Hamlet's hesitation, constant thought, and internal deliberation, the plot would proceed directly from Hamlet’s meeting with the Ghost to his murder of Claudius. Hamlet’s philosophical strifeheightens the complexity of his life issues and intensifies the depth of his dilemma. Hamlet’s over-intellectualization coupled with his passive tendencies paralyzes his ability to act, locking him in an inescapable prison of his own inner consciousness. Hamlet's over-intellectualization begins with his questioning of the ghost's identity. When first told by Horatio that the ghost of his father haunts the battlements, Hamlet interrogates him obsessively to obtain every relevant detail to satisfy his intellectual curiosity. He  fires  a volley of questions at Horatio, ranging from whether his countenance is â€Å"pale or red† to how long it â€Å"fixed eyes upon [Horatio]† (1. 2. 250). His desire to dispel uncertainty and further his knowledge escalates in the physical encounter with the ghost. Rather than accepting his vision for granted, Hamlet examines the validity of his perceptions by debating whether the ghost of â€Å"a questionable shape† is â€Å"wicked or charitable† (1. . 45-46). Hamlet initially pronounces to the ghost that he will â€Å"wipe away all trivial, fond records, all saw of books, all forms, all pressures past, that youth and observation copied there,† declaring his resolution to act (1. 4. 108). However, when he reconvenes with his friends, he entreats them â€Å"never make known what you have seen tonight† (1. 5. 160). Instead of seeking for an immediate collective action to avenge his father’s â€Å"unnatural murder,† he chooses to prolong the process to devise an elaborate scheme within his own mind. He forestalls action—be it his friends’ or his own—to contemplate the implications of his experience. He concludes by cursing the fact that he â€Å"was born to set it right†Ã‚  Ã‚  (1. 5. 211). The ghost’s revelation places him in a position where he must be the agent of action, whose filial responsibility is to affect justice and kill Claudius. Hamlet’s dilemma, then, stems from the need to become an avenging son while being a naturally passive intellectual. Hamlet addresses his dilemma in greater depth by engaging in a rigorous, intellectual process, which ironically perpetuates the vicious cycle of inactivity. In his conversation with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, he confesses, â€Å"thinking makes it so. To me it is a prison† (2. 2. 270). Hamlet finds himself imprisoned by his intellect, as he â€Å"must like a whore unpack [his] heart with words† (2. 2. 614). He cannot act by heart because he is bound to â€Å"unpack† his actions with reason first. He berates himself as â€Å"a rogue and peasant slave† and â€Å"John-a-dream, unpregnant of my cause, and can say nothing† (2. 2. 576-595). Hamlet recognizes that he is not taking any decisive action to dutifully avenge his father’s death in staying within his comfort zone of intellectualism. As he articulates and explores his conflict of conscience, he concludes, â€Å"Thus conscience does make cowards of us all and thus the native hue of resolution is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought, and enterprises of great pitch and moment†¦lose the name of action (3. 1. 91-96). Hamlet reaffirms that his constant moralizing and philosophizing stymie the very action he strives for. The inexorable clash between his predisposition for sedentary contemplations and the filial imperative to actively seek revenge results in such strong feelings of self-loathing that he considers â€Å"shuffl[ing] off the mortal coil† (3. . 75). Committing suicide would proactively end his suffering, but he problematizes even that possibility as an unacceptable transgression against â€Å"[God’s]  canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! † (1. 2. 136). Ironically, this very soliloquy devoted to meditating on his passivity epitomizes his inaction; rather than coming u p with pragmatic solutions to end his dilemma, he explores and wallows in self-pity, which in turn exacerbates the intensity of his conundrum. Hamlet is so preoccupied with the enormous intellectual activity in his head that he closes himself off from all action in the external world.

The Efficacy of Spirituality Group

The Efficacy of Spirituality Group The research is focused on the efficacy of the spirituality group in chemical dependency treatment program. It has already been proven that religion and spirituality have positive impact on human mental health (Moritz et al, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Efficacy of Spirituality Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being more powerful tool in the relation to motivating people to give up chemical substances consumption, spirituality is considered to be more effective as in this case personal convictions are taken into account, not those one which are established by the society. Individualized treatment has always been considered as the most effective one (Walker, Cole Logan, 2008). The research shows that personal motivation is an effective tool to prevent people from relapses in the future (Simpson Joe, 1993). Moreover, the spirituality is going to reduce the length of treatment (Knight et a l. 2000) and cognitive engagement (Broome, Simpson, Joe 1999) in comparison with other methods used for treating chemically abused patients. We also expect that the difference between those who are treated by means of spirituality and by means of traditional methods is going to be significant. The main value of the research is that the hypotheses have been supported. It shows that chemical dependency treatment program has an opportunity to use the spirituality method for treatment. The better results are going to be considered as well as help 60% of Americans who consume illicit drugs (Doweiko, 2009). It is crucial to consider the consequences if the hypotheses had not been supported. If the hypotheses we offer were not supported, so another research should be conducted in the sphere of chemical dependency treatment programs. This would mean that we had managed to do much and had eliminated one possibility from the list. The effectiveness of those will be raised. Moreover, the prac tical use of this method will lead to creation of many different methods which may be used for treating chemically addicted people. The evaluation of each of those would help us create a perfect methodology for using in practice.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The findings of our research support the results obtained from the research conducted by such scientists as Broome, Simpson Joe (1999), Knight et al. (2000), and Simpson Joe (1993). Moreover, our findings can be used for further research in the sphere of treating chemically addicted people. In conclusion, spirituality method for treating chemically addicted people is considered to be the most effective in a number of reasons. First, spirituality motivates people to cure for chemical addiction. Second, spirituality is a powerful motivation and as a result more effective as people are motivated not by the st andards created in the society but by means of the personal considerations which affect people in high strength. The results obtained while the research may be used for creating a chemical dependency treatment program. There may be created a lot of methodologies on the basis of the fact that spirituality is considered to be the most effective method for treating chemically addicted people. Moreover, a research may be conducted devoted to the power of influence of spirituality and motivation on people in different age. This may help identify the age when treatment is the most effective. Reference List Broome, K. M., Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W. (1999). Patient and program attributes related to treatment process indicators in DATOS. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 57 (2), 127-135. Doweiko, H. E. (2009). Concepts of chemical dependency. Belmont, CA: Brookes/Cole Cengage Learning. Knight, C. H., Fitzpatrick, J. L., Logue, D. N., Platt, D. J. (2000). Efficacy of two non-antibiotic therapies and topical liniment, against bovine staphylococcal mastitis. Vet Rec, 146 (11), 311-316.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Efficacy of Spirituality Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moritz, S., Quan, H., Rickhi, B., Liu, M., Angen, M., Vintila, R., Sawa, R., Soriana, J., Toews, J. (2006). A home-study based spirituality education program decreases emotional distress and increases quality of life – a randomized, controlled study. Alternative Therapies, 12 (6), 26-35. Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W. (1993). Motivation as a predictor of early dropout from drug abuse treatment. Psychotherapy, 30 (2), 357-368. Walker, R., Cole, J., Logan, T. K. (2008). Identifying client-level indicators of recovery among dui, criminal justice, and non-criminal justice referral. Substance Use Misuse, 43, 1785-1801.

Ecology the Rocky shore and the Inland essays

Ecology the Rocky shore and the Inland essays The environment in a habitat is affected by many factors. These are physical factors, nonliving ones, and biotic factors, living ones. These factors vary completely in different areas. In this essay the two places Ill be taking are the rocky shore and the inland. Though they are not far away from each other, their ecosystems differ in many ways; Ill try to explain why and why some habitats are more suitable for organisms than others. Ill start first with the physical factors. These include air temperature, wind speed, humidity and most important the soil. These are very important because they determine which animals are going to live in the habitat and their way of living. Air temperature affects as much in the inland as in the rocky shore. This, of course, was measured using a thermometer. We put the thermometer at ground level and wrote down the temperature. For this experiment the rocky shore had a higher temperature of 34 degrees Celsius, though the difference was 4 degrees. The reason for this mere change is actually due to a biotic factor, which is that plants stopped the total exposure of the soil to the sun. The air temperature affects the evaporation rate in the inland, which affects the plants. In the rocky shore some organisms have to adapt themselves to the heat, most of them try to prevent dehydration and not many do this. For measuring the wind speed a special apparatus was used, though it is not very accurate (due to the fact that wind speed changes from one second to another), you can measure the range of the wind speed. There is a really big in wind speed between the inland and the rocky shore. The wind in the rocky shore has a speed of 6 to 7 mph, whereas in the inland the wind speed is zero mph. The reason for this is that a lot of plants block the wind; the rocky shore hasnt got a lot of plant. One of the most destructive consequences of a lot of wind is soil erosion. The wind bl...

118 Great Questions to Ask on a College Tour

8 Great Questions to Ask on a College Tour SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Touring your prospective colleges is a great opportunity to learnfrom thepeople who study, work, and teach on campus. By keeping your eyes and ears open, you can gain a strong sense of a school and its culture, far beyond the facts and figures on its website. To make the most of your visits, you should prepare thoughtful questions to ask on a college tour. This guide will provide you with a comprehensive college visit checklist of questions for your tour guide, current students, admissions officers, financial aid officers, and professors. Plus, we’ll offer some advice on what not to ask. Before breaking out the list of college tour questions, let’s review the point of campusvisits in the first place. Why Are College Tours Important? If you have the means and time to do so, you should definitely take advantage of campus tours. They’re an invaluable opportunity to explore your prospective college campuses, as well as their surrounding areas, in person. You can check out the school’s facilities, like the library, dorms, dining halls, gym, and science labs, as well as branch out to see its surrounding city or, if you’re aiming for rural, dairy farms. Gathering your impressions of your college’s campus and beyond will help you gain a much stronger sense of whether or not it’s a place you’d like to live and learn for four years. If you have an amazing visit, then you might feel that much more empowered to put together a stellar application. If not, then you might save an application fee and cross that school off your list. Besides sampling the dining food or hanging out on the quad, you can also learn a lot about the student experience from your tour guide, usually a current student, and other students that you meet. You might arrange to stay overnight in a dorm or set up meetings to speak with admissions officers, financial aid officers, and/or professors. All of these people can offer their unique perspectives and experiences, especially if you ask meaningful college tour questions that lead tobroader conversations. As everyone reading this will have different goals, keep in mind that you shouldpick and choose based on your specific interests.If a question asks about popular classes in general, for instance, you can adapt it to ask specifically about popular classes in, say, the Biology Department. Besides customizing to your interests, you also would be well served to prepare different questions for different people.This first group of good questions to ask on a college tour would be best suited to your tour guide or other current students of the college. Find out what students have to say about their college experience. Questions to Ask Your Tour Guide or Other Current Students Most college tour guides are big fans of their colleges and are enthusiastic to share why. They tend to know lots of history and fun facts about the school, butyou shouldn’t necessarily expect them to rattle off specific data and statistics about graduation rates and financial aid packages (save those kinds of questions for administrative officers). Apart from knowing a lot about the college, tour guides are usually current students, so they can also speak to their personal experience. Remember, they were in your shoes just a few years before! Let’s consider what questions would be appropriate for tour guides, divided up by academics, support resources, internships, study abroad programs, extracurriculars, residential life, and general culture. Finally, we’ll suggest some personal questions for your tour guide. As you read, consider which questions you’d like answered, and how you might customize them to meet your specific interests and needs! Academics Are some majors or departments considered stronger or more popular than others? How large are the classes? Are the classes more lecture-based or discussion-based? Would you describe any classes as especially innovative or project-based? How many of the classes are taught by a professor, and how many are taught by a teaching assistant? Are the professors accessible outside of class? What kind of classes have smaller section meetings? What are they like? Are there any especially popular classes or must-have professors? How much freedom do freshmen havein choosing courses? Are students usually able to take their first choice courses? How’s the Wi-Fi? How are freshman advisors assigned? Is it easy to change your major? How would you describe the freshman experience, in terms of advising or any classes that everyone has to take? Do the professors hold office hours? How often can students interact with professors outside of class? Can undergraduates work with professors on research? Are there honors programs or capstone classes? If so, what are they like? How many hours of class do students typically have each week? How much homework outside of class? Are finals more exam-based or project / essay-based? Where are the best places to study on campus? What are the hours for the library? Do these change during reading periods or exam weeks? Are there any research methods or databases I should learn about for my classes? Do any majors require seniors to write a thesis or complete a senior project? As mentioned above, you might alter some of these questions to refer to a specific major or class. An intro science lecture, for instance, might contain hundreds of students, while a literature class could be discussion-based and limited to twelve students. Keep this in mind as you check out the rest of the questions on thiscollege visit checklist. Like the fearless owner of this rainbow Beetle, don't be afraid to customize your college visit questions. Academic and Social-Emotional Support Can you get help from professors outside of the classroom? Is there free academic support or tutoring? Is it effective? What kind of resources are there for international student support and orientation? What kind of learning disability resources does the school offer? Is there a writing center to help with essays and research papers? Are academic advisers accessible and effective? Do the librarians help with research? Do students organize study groups or online discussion forums? Are there computer labs? How accessible and helpful is health services? Do students or administrators organize conversations for students to talk about their feelings on important issues and events? Are there social orientation programs for freshmen? Are they enjoyable? Is there career counseling? Is it helpful? Research, Internship, and Study Abroad Opportunities What kind of opportunities exist for undergraduates to work on research or academic projects with professors? What kind of internships are available? Do a lot of students get internships? Are any departments known for their contribution to research? Do any majors prepare students to continue as researchers in a Master’s or doctoral program? Are study abroad programs popular? Any ones in particular? Do most students study abroad on a program through the school or an external program? Do students of certain majors, like engineers, find it difficult tostudy abroad? Are there internship opportunities abroad? Are there opportunities through the school for summer internships or research? Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Extracurriculars What are some of the most popular extracurriculars and why? What clubs or other opportunities exist for community service? Do sports play a large role on campus? What divisions are the sports teams? What about intramurals or exercise classes? Can you talk about the fill-in-the-blankclub? (Examples might include the student newspaper, student magazine, international relations clubs, art groups, science clubs, musical performances, plays, bands, ensembles...whatever you’re interested in!) In what ways do students connect with and volunteer in the surrounding community? How many students do they really squeeze into those dorm rooms? Residence Life What are the dorms like? Are there lounges, laundry, and kitchens? Sharedor private restrooms? Do certain dorms appeal to students with different interests, like a â€Å"healthy living† dorm? Do most students live in the dorms? What about after sophomore or junior year? If they move off campus, do they live in apartments or shared houses? Are any students placed in triples? How are the resident counselors? Do they plan social events for freshmen to get to know one another? Do most students get along with their randomly assigned roommates? What would I do in case of a conflict or need for a room switch? Is that possible? What kind of food does the dining hall serve? Are there different options? How is it, really? Does the dining hall accommodate special dietary restrictions? Are there any aspiring chefs on campus who host occasional exclusive gourmet pop-up dinners? (This question may be exclusive to this kidand this kid. So cool!) Campus Culture and Surrounding Area Where do students tend to hang out on and off campus? Are there movie theaters and concert venues? What about good cafes for getting work done or finding the perfect pumpkin spice latte? How would you describe the presence of Greek life? Do a lot of students belong to fraternities or sororities? How ethnically diverse is the campus? How many international students are there? What countries do they come from? Do students stick around or go home on weekends? What’s the party scene like? (This might be a question to ask current students away from the group tour.) Have there been any recent student protests? What were they protesting, and how did staff and faculty respond? What are some big campus events, like homecoming or alumni weekend? Is it easy to get around campus or get off campus without a car? What transportation options are there around campus? Is it a safe area to walk around at night? What kind of safety measures are in place? Do many students work on or off campus? How easy is it to find a part-time job? You don't want to put your tour guide too much on the spot, but you should feel free to ask about her experience at college! Personal Questions As mentioned above, tour guides are typically current students who went through the same college application process just a few years earlier! Most tour guides are also, presumably, happy about their choice to attend. I wouldn’t recommend prying into their high school grades and test scores, but there are other personal questions that are fair game, like the following: What’s your favorite class and why? What’s it like to study in your major? How helpful did you find your freshman year advisor? What do you wish you had known going into freshman year? What do you wish you had asked on a campus tour when you were in my place? What’s a typical weekday like for you? What surprised you about campus life here? Is there anything you wish you had done differently to improve your experience here? Are there any things you’d like to change about the school? What would be your most important advice for freshman? What’s your favorite spot you’ve discovered on campus since arriving? Your tour guide, along with any other current students you meet, isa great resource for honest, firsthand feedback about the student experience. As students, they’re likely to have similar experiences and concerns as you, and they can give you a sense of what’s in store if you're accepted and decide to enroll in the college. For more technical information on admissions policies and financial aid offers, you might set up meetings with the relevant offices. Read on for questions to ask the administrative staff. Boldly go where no collegestudent really has to go again once she's accepted. Questions to Ask an Admissions Officer Making contact with the admissions office can not only get your questions answered. It can also get your â€Å"demonstrated interest† on file, which may help when it comes time to review your application. Rather than appearing as an anonymous applicant, admissions officers may recognize you from a meeting, email, or other records of contact. Not all schools keep track of this, but for some, establishing some kind of relationship may help show your enthusiasm for the school and thereby give you a bit of an edge. If you want to meet with an admissions officer, make sure to set up a meeting via email or calling beforehand. If it’s application season, usually March and April, try to schedule this a few weeks early to make sure they’re not too busy to meet with prospective students. Then have your list of questions ready to show that you prepared and are ready tomake the most of your conversation. Here are a few questions you might ask. What's unique about this college? What leads most students to choose this college? What qualities and experiences are you looking for in applicants? Can you tell me more about the application evaluation process? How large of a role do SAT scores play in admissions? Do you have any advice for applicants? Does this differ for early versus regular decision applications? What percentage of students graduate in four years? What are the college’s most important values, and how does it demonstrate this to students? What sort of student would succeed here? What sort of student might not be happy here? Can you tell me about career placements or grad school acceptances for graduates? How do you help students prepare for post-grad employment? Do you have an active alumni network? Just as the admissions office will have lots of facts and advice about the admissions process, the financial aid office can walk you through your financial application. The next section covers questions you might have for them. All of these are good topics to discuss witha financial aid officer. Questions to Ask a Financial Aid Officer Most schools offer a good deal of information about the cost of tuition, room and board, books, and other fees online, as well as the steps to take to apply forfinancial aid. If financial aid’s an important factor for you, it could be helpful to meet with an officer and make sure you’re doing everything you can to get your financial needs met. I would suggest researching the school's financial aid website first, so you’re not asking about info that’s readily available online. Then you can use that base knowledge as a stepping off point for other queries, like the ones below: What kind of need-based financial aid do you offer? Do you meet 100% of demonstrated financial need? What information do you require besides the FAFSA? How many students receive merit-based scholarships? How much is offered? Are there other scholarships that students can apply for at the time of application? How much do students typically owe after graduating? Can I renegotiate my offer if it’s lower than I expected? What are some opportunities for work-study? The financial aid office is the best place for any and all your money-related questions. If you get the chance to meet with a professor, then you can shift back into academic mode. Tell me, Professor McGonagall, how serious are you about deadlines? Questions to Ask a Professor Finally, meeting with a professor could be a great way to make contact and learn about a department and class, especially if you have a strong sense of what you want to study. You can learn about her teaching style, the department’s approach, and any opportunities for independent projects or research. What are your expectations for students in your class? How can students succeed in your class? What are typical requirements, like exams, papers, or presentations in a semester? What kind of materials would I use in your class? What skills or knowledge would you consider to be prerequisites? Do you offer any opportunities for students to do research? What other opportunities are available outside of the classroom to reinforce my learning, like cultural clubs or festivals? How often do you meet with or mentor students outside of class? What are the strengths of your program? Department? What’s the community of students who major in this program like? Do they act as peer mentors, collaborate on projects, or form study groups? What could I do to prepare for further research at the graduate level? Would I be required or able to write a senior thesis or do a capstone project? How much flexibility would I have in shaping my major or taking an interdisciplinary approach? As you can see, there’s a wide rangeof questions you could prepare to ask tour guides, admissions officers, financial aid officers, and professors. In addition to knowing what to ask, it can also be useful to know what not to ask. Are there any questions you shouldn't askon your campus tours? This question, for example, would be less than ideal. Questions to Avoid on College Visits I know, I know, they say there are no dumb questions - but there may be some worth keeping to yourself on your college visits. For instance, I mentioned above that it would probably be inappropriate to ask your tour guide to recite her high school resume to see how your grades, scores, and involvements stack up. While she can talk about her experiences applying and attending, asking for specific info like that would probably cross the line from curious to prying. You should also avoid asking questions that are overly personaland not helpful to others in the group when you’re on your tours.For example, I wouldn’t advise sharing your life story and then asking your tour guide (or a professor, for that matter) to speculate about your admissions chances. She probably can’t speak to highly specific concerns, and your fellow tour group members won’t find it helpful either. If your question feels likeTMI for a group setting, then cross it off your list. A final good rule of thumb to follow is to avoid asking basic questions that can be easily answered via Google or a quick search of the school’s website. For instance, questions like the following fall into that category: Do you have a psychology major? When was the school founded? How many students are in the freshman class? What was last year’s rate of acceptance? Based on these guidelines and suggestions, you probably have a sense of the kind of questions to ask on a college tour that will help you make the most of your campus visits. Most are prompts that may open into a more in-depth discussion. That being said, how can you use these questions to prepare for your college tours? Start gathering your tastiestcollege tourquestions. How to Prepare for Your College Tours Your first step is scheduling and signing up online for your college tours, as well as any other meetings or overnight stays. The best time to tour is when classes are in session so you can get the truest sense of the college in action. Since you should prepare questions and take notes on the answers, I recommend writing them down and bringing a notebook (paper or electronic) to take notes. You’ll be getting a lot of information, along with walking around and seeing everything, so it will be useful to have a record to which you can refer at the end of the day. You certainly don’t need to go overboard with the college tour questions. I would suggest preparing five to ten of your most important questions for each person (student, admissions officer, professor, etc). You may find you should choose about three during your tour, while you may be able to ask a lot more during a one on one conversation or meeting. Better to over-prepare than under-prepare, and you could list your highest priority questions at the top to make sure you get to them first. In addition to asking questions and jotting down notes on the responses, you should take the time to observe everything going on around you. Beyond viewing the facilities, try to notice how the staff responds to you or how students interact with one another. Perhaps most importantly, is it a place where you’d feel comfortable? Finally, spend some time writing and reflecting after your visit. Does the school seem like a good fit with your personality, interests, and goals? Do you feel excited about the prospect of attending? At the end of the day, you must save the final questions for yourself. What's Next? Are you in the midst of researching colleges and narrowing down your college list? This guide has some seriously helpful suggestions for figuring out what you want and choosing the colleges that best match your goals. Once you’ve found some exciting schools, head on over here to learn when to apply. This comprehensive guide goes over the various application deadlinesyou need to know, along with some examples of regular and early deadlines for popular schools. Finally, check out this guide on all the steps to apply to college, starting with choosing the best high school classes as early as freshman year and finishing with submitting your college apps! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discuss the premise that cash is the 'essential commodity' of a Research Paper

Discuss the premise that cash is the 'essential commodity' of a business, that cash lubricates the business and allows operation - Research Paper Example Cash is particularly important for business because people and organizations will not be normally willing to accept anything other than cash in settlement of their claims against the business. This paper will specifically discuss the importance of cash management and cash planning in a business environment. Importance of Cash Financial experts indicate that cash is the ‘essential commodity’ of a business, that cash lubricates the business and allows operations to run efficiently. It is clear that cash is necessary to meet the day to day needs of a business. Evidently, a business firm cannot run its operations efficiently unless it has enough cash to pay its employees and debtors. In addition, adequate cash reserves are vital for business to invest in infrastructure and other expansion projects and to deal with unexpected contingencies. Experts opine that a firm’s cash flow is a key factor determining the long term success of the business. To illustrate, investors and shareholders give particular focus to the strength of cash reserves while evaluating financial position of a company. Clearly, companies lacking adequate cash reserves cannot offer attractive dividends to stakeholders and this condition in turn would adversely affect their long term sustainability. The intensity of market competition is very high today, and therefore firms need to significantly invest in business promotion in order to successfully confront competitors. If an organization does not have adequate funds to promote its business in the market, it will probably lose its market share to competitors and eventually the business may go out of the market. Importance of Cash Management and Planning As discussed already, cash is an ingredient element for business growth and therefore effective management and planning of cash is vital to ensure long term business success. Assuring sufficient funds as and when required is a potential challenge for financial managers in every or ganization. When an organization has sufficient funds to implement its business plans to address economic downturns, it can focus on its business operations confidently. On the other hand, when an organization struggling with inadequate cash flow, it is forced to review and modify its business plans. Under such circumstances, a firm cannot run its operations effortlessly. In the view of Williams, effective cash management is particularly important to maintain safe debt levels (n. p.). The financial management has to critically analyze the firm’s ability to repay debts before making a borrowing decision. Excess borrowing beyond the capacity of the organization will certainly affect the feasibility of the business even when the borrowing rates are low. Therefore, cash management is inevitable while dealing with debt financing. In addition, cash management plays a significant role in enabling effective utilization of money. As Nikolai et al. point out, cash management is particu larly concerned with the management’s ability to identify cash shortage problems before they arise and to develop potential strategies to resolve those issues recognized (317-318). Proper management of cash is crucial to ensure that the organization has sufficient funds to finance purchases and other expansion activities during the peak season. Thoughtful cash management is

Inside the Meltdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inside the Meltdown - Essay Example In this particular clip, on the meltdown that took place in the year 2008 in the United States of America, the theme economy has dominated the whole story. In this particular melt down, a lot of emphasis are made on the financial markets and the different economists who hold a number of high ranks are trying to react to this. Nearly all the departmental heads and the economists of this time, are advocating for the need to increase the oversight on financial markets. There is a liquidity threat and the economists are trying to analyze on how the availability of cash in the economy can lead to a solvency problem to some of the major financial institutions like banks. The whole story shows the high levels of risks that get evident as a result of funding long term liquid assets, which come along with liabilities that entails shorter durations of time. A lot of issues pertaining the levels of interest that need to get set on loans as well as the investments to get conducted arise in this meltdown. Responsibility as a theme has got the better part of this film. This is very evident by the number of state officials in the government dockets gets reacting towards this particular meltdown. A number of employees and other departmental heads from Bear Stearns Organization are reacting to this matter and everyone is trying to get more responsible by playing his or her part. No one wants to get pointed finger at as the one responsible for this particular economic depression, therefore ensures that his/her records are clean, and has undertaken all the duties expected of him/her. Another dominant theme in the story is media and information. In the clip, all the working places a number of televisions where the workers follow the news. Any of the latest information reaching the media gets anchored and spread to the public or citizens by use of the television media. This has made all

Stress is a social construct. Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stress is a social construct. Discuss - Essay Example What stress does to the psyche of man is something to gain comprehension from. This has put the different manifestations of mankind under quite a lot of worry since criminal issues have come to the fore due to stress and its different predicaments. This paper will outline the ways and means through which stress could be seen from a psychological perspective and under the auspices of the criminological fields. Research within the related domains of psychology has revealed that stress causes quite a number of problems for the people who are in authority positions. These people seem to experience stress when they are denied their due rights by the people who are senior to them or have more commanding dignity than them. Then there are other issues within these positions like gender harassment, inequality in wages, non-payment of dues, denial of leaves, etc which makes them feel even more stressed than they were before. Thus it would not be wrong to suggest that stress is one such tangent that negatively reinforces one’s energy levels to do something wrong or one that is ethically unacceptable. Having said that criminology takes its basis from similar settings of stress, and therefore the fact that criminology has been highlighted as a significant aspect in the studies related with psychology of stress and anxiety has all the more bearing on the subject at hand. Stress makes the worker s feel disjointed from their work regimes; they lack the alertness when it comes to their respective performance levels and have an overall feel of dizziness and boredom on the job (Desmond 2001). They want to do something different but the daily grind of work starts to take its toll on their bodies. The fact that they are not given the room to exploit their true strengths and just concentrate upon getting the job at hand done for the sake of meeting the deadlines, makes them feel itchy and irritated. Thus stress starts triggering them for

Wal-Mart retail marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wal-Mart retail marketing - Research Paper Example The retailers should therefore purpose to blend traits that have the capability to work together and result to maximum customer satisfaction. Considering the importance of retail mix, it is therefore worth for a company to invest considerable time strategizing its retail mix. It is important to note that the more time and efforts a company puts on ensuring maximum customer satisfaction, the more customers it is likely to get. In addition, consumer satisfaction will be significant in ensuring a competitive advantage for the organization. For instance, once customers are satisfied there is a high probability that they will develop loyalty towards the organization and will not move on to the competitor organizations. Further, it will be possible to acquire more new customers. Nothing can feel good for any business person than making their business more profitable as compared to that of their competitors. A good retail mix will ensure this form of success. To develop a good retail mix, t he retailer has to consider a number of elements namely; pricing, store layout and design, merchandising, location, communication and customer service. The retail mix for Wal-Mart are analysed below; a) Merchandise range and assortment This is a retail mix element that focuses on the type of goods the organization sells. Each organization has its own target market and target customers (Pradhan, 2010). When deciding on which

Steam Engine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Steam Engine - Research Paper Example The basic purpose of the stationary steam engines is to pump and drive mills by generating power. While introduced in the 18th century, these engines continued to be produced in huge numbers throughout the 19th century, and most of the part of the 20th century until advancements made in the electrical field leading to the practical application of electric power and the development of the internal combustion engine took their place. The use of the fixed steam engines accelerated between the time period of 1750 and 1850 but started to gradually decline afterwards when more advanced and adaptable electricity powered engines began to be introduced. Though the use of internal combustion engines became more widespread later, this paper aims at stressing the fact that the importance of efforts leading to the discovery of steam power and invention of first commercially successful steam engine cannot be denied and should never be overlooked when contemplating the technological inventions intr oduced prior to 1850. Stationary steam engines have often been mistaken for other kinds of engines introduced during the time steam engines were under development process. But a little research into this matter proves that they can be distinguished and stand in contrast to locomotive engines used for railways, traction engines used for manufacturing roads, steam cars, and agricultural engines used for ploughing and harvesting fields. The steam engine is arguably considered the most important technology of the industrial revolution and the literature reviewed in this paper aims at underlining this claim that the steam engine due to multiple factors was indeed an... This essay stresses that the world witnessed a sustained growth in the obvious influences exerted by technology related revolutions which begin to revolutionize every aspect of daily life for the better. Period extending from 1750 to 1850 is characterized by the transitional change of the manual and animal-based labor into critical machine-based manufacturing. This paper makes a conclusion that the steam engine has always remained in limelight in the history. After Savery, Newcomen played a gigantic role of critical nature in advancing the efforts initiated by the previous engineer and introduced a version of steam engine which not only overcame the issues associated with the earlier model but also helped in greatly facilitating the human life by fostering the transition of manual-based labor into machine-based manufacturing. Then Watt’s highly effective double-acting rotative steam engine and later versions of steam engines invented in later years served as the basis for a whole new wave of modern or revolutionary steam technology. General consensus is that though the steam engine was an essential early element of the industrial revolution, still this technology remained underused for most of the part of that period as most of the industries then continued to rely on wind and water power along with manual and animal-based labor to run machines. The discovery of steam power formed the backbone of the steam engine manufacturing process and multiple scientists and engineers whose work precedes 1850 are involved in continually developing this technology.

Wal-Mart retail marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wal-Mart retail marketing - Research Paper Example The retailers should therefore purpose to blend traits that have the capability to work together and result to maximum customer satisfaction. Considering the importance of retail mix, it is therefore worth for a company to invest considerable time strategizing its retail mix. It is important to note that the more time and efforts a company puts on ensuring maximum customer satisfaction, the more customers it is likely to get. In addition, consumer satisfaction will be significant in ensuring a competitive advantage for the organization. For instance, once customers are satisfied there is a high probability that they will develop loyalty towards the organization and will not move on to the competitor organizations. Further, it will be possible to acquire more new customers. Nothing can feel good for any business person than making their business more profitable as compared to that of their competitors. A good retail mix will ensure this form of success. To develop a good retail mix, t he retailer has to consider a number of elements namely; pricing, store layout and design, merchandising, location, communication and customer service. The retail mix for Wal-Mart are analysed below; a) Merchandise range and assortment This is a retail mix element that focuses on the type of goods the organization sells. Each organization has its own target market and target customers (Pradhan, 2010). When deciding on which

Ethical Issues in the Criminal Justice Field (Untruthfullness) Article

Ethical Issues in the Criminal Justice Field (Untruthfullness) - Article Example s; stealing money and/or drugs from drug dealers; selling stolen drugs; protecting drug operations; providing false testimony; and submitting false crime reports† (General Accounting Office, 1998: 8). Between 1993 and 1997, at least half of the law-enforcement personnel convicted of corruption offenses while on duty were led to their actions through drug-related activities. In addition, more than 100 drug-related cases involving police officers are prosecuted within the country every year. Another indication of the widespread problem is found in the fact that all of the nation’s federal drug enforcement agencies have had at least one of its agents implicated in a drug-related offense. Throughout the country, officers have capitulated to the same temptations and potential rewards of the drug market that attracts their criminal counterparts. The ethical cost of this corruption has far-reaching repercussions not only within our law enforcement units, but also in our concept ion of society itself. It seems the causes of police corruption would be fairly easy to explain given the tremendous rewards associated with the drug trade. The financial rewards offered by the sales of illegal drugs in relation to other forms of income are enormous. This temptation comes on top of an increasing sense of frustration among law enforcement officers realizing the futility of their efforts as the number of drug traffickers continues to grow. This is also exacerbated by a society that has come to value material wealth much more than personal integrity or honorable behavior. The War on Drugs has been officially declared for 30 years now, resulting in the incarceration and prosecution of millions of people, but there has been no discernable positive effect. Drugs are now more available, cheaper and often more potent than ever before. Disheartened police officers often put their lives in jeopardy daily to fight against drugs, but must also deal with being under-paid and

Globe Theatre Essay Example for Free

Globe Theatre Essay William Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon. He was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. Scholars have surmised that he most likely attended the Kings New School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics. THEATRICAL CAREER Some of Shakespeares plays were published in quarto editions from 1594. By 1598, his name had become a selling point and began to appear on the title pages. Shakespeare continued to act in his own and other plays after his success as a playwright. EARLY WORKS With the exception of Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeares first plays were mostly histories written in the early 1590s. Richard II, Henry VI (parts 1, 2 and 3) and Henry V dramatize the destructive results of weak or corrupt rulers, and have been interpreted by drama historians as Shakespeares way of justifying the origins of the Tudor Dynasty. Shakespeare also wrote several comedies during his early period: the witty romance A Midsummer Nights Dream, the romantic Merchant of Venice, the wit and wordplay of Much Ado about Nothing, the charming As You Like It and Twelfth Night. Other plays, possibly written before 1600, include Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. LATER WORKS It was in William Shakespeares later period, after 1600, that he wrote the tragedies Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth. In these, Shakespeares characters present vivid impressions of human temperament that are timeless and universal. Possibly the best known of these plays is Hamlet, which explores betrayal, retribution, incest and moral failure. These moral failures often drive the twists and turns of Shakespeares plots, destroying the hero and those he loves. In William Shakespeares final period, he wrote several tragicomedies. Among these are Cymbeline, The Winters Tale and The Tempest. Though graver in tone than the comedies, they are not the dark tragedies of King Lear or Macbeth because they end with reconciliation and forgiveness. JULIUS CAESAR The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the 44 BC conspiracy against the Roman dictator Julius Caesar, his assassination, and the defeat of the conspirators at the Battle of Philippi. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra. THE TEMPEST The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1610–11, and thought by many critics to be the last play that Shakespeare wrote alone. It is set on a remote island, where Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, plots to restore his daughter Miranda to her rightful place using illusion and skilful manipulation. He conjures up a storm, the eponymous tempest, to lure his usurping brother Antonio and the complicit King Alonso of Naples to the island. There, his machinations bring about the revelation of Antonios lowly nature, the redemption of the King, and the marriage of Miranda to Alonsos son, Ferdinand. THE TAMING OF THE SHREW The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592. The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the Induction,[1] in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunkentinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself. The nobleman then has the play performed for Slys diversion. The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio, a gentleman of Verona, and Katherina, the headstrong, obdurate shrew. Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship, but Petruchio tempers her with various psychological torments—the taming—until she becomes a compliant and obedient bride. The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherinas more desirable sister, Bianca. HAMLET The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatizes the revenge. Prince Hamlet exacts on his uncle Claudius for murdering King Hamlet, Claudiuss brother and Prince Hamlets father, and then succeeding to the throne and taking as his wife Gertrude, the old kings widow and Prince Hamlets mother. The play vividly portrays both true and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. Hamlet is Shakespeares longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature, with a story capable of seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others. [1] The play was one of Shakespeares most popular works during his lifetime and still ranks among his most-performed, topping the Royal Shakespeare Companys performance list since 1879. TWELFTH NIGHT Twelfth Night; or, What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–02 as aTwelfth Nights entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion,[1] with plot elements drawn from the short story Of Apollonius and Silla by Barnabe Rich, based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the years calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio. MACBETH Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare. It is considered one of his darkest and most powerful tragedies. Set in Scotland, the play dramatizes the corrosive psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen as a way to fulfil the ambition for power. The play is believed to have been written between 1603 and 1607, and is most commonly dated 1606. The earliest account of a performance of what was probably Shakespeares play is April 1611, when Simon Forman recorded seeing such a play at the Globe Theatre. It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book. It was most likely written during the reign of James I, who had been James VI of Scotland before he succeeded to the English throne in 1603. James was a patron of Shakespeare’s acting company, and of all the plays Shakespeare wrote during James’s reign, Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright’s relationship with the sovereign. MERCHANT OF VENICE The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. Though classified as a comedyin the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeares other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and is best known for Shylock and the famous Hath not a Jew eyes? speech. Also notable is Portias speech about the quality of mercy. The title character is the merchant Antonio, not the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who is the plays most prominent and most famous character. THE COMEDY OF ERRORS The Comedy of Errors is one of William Shakespeares early plays. It is his shortest and one of his most farcical comedies, with a major part of the humour coming from slapstick and mistaken identity, in addition to puns and word play. The Comedy of Errors (along with The Tempest) is one of only two of Shakespeares plays to observe the classical unities. It has been adapted for opera, stage, screen and musical theatre. The Comedy of Errors tells the story of two sets of identical twins that were accidentally separated at birth. Antipholus of Syracuse and his servant, Dromio of Syracuse, arrive in Ephesus, which turns out to be the home of their twin brothers, Antipholus of Ephesus and his servant, Dromio of Ephesus. When the Syracusans encounter the friends and families of their twins, a series of wild mishaps based on mistaken identitieslead to wrongful beatings, a near-seduction, the arrest of Antipholus of Ephesus, and false accusations of infidelity, theft, madness, and demonic possession. POEMS In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. He dedicated them to Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. In Venus and Adonis, an innocent Adonis rejects the sexual advances of Venus; while in The Rape of Lucrece, the virtuous wife Lucrece is raped by the lustful Tarquin. Influenced by Ovids Metamorphoses, the poems show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust. [124] Both proved popular and were often reprinted during Shakespeares lifetime. A third narrative poem, A Lovers Complaint, in which a young woman laments her seduction by a persuasive suitor, was printed in the first edition of the Sonnets in 1609. Most scholars now accept that Shakespeare wrote A Lovers Complaint. Critics consider that its fine qualities are marred by leaden effects. The Phoenix and the Turtle, printed in Robert Chesters 1601 Loves Martyr, mourns the deaths of the legendary phoenix and his lover, the faithful turtle dove. SONNETS Published in 1609, the Sonnets were the last of Shakespeares non-dramatic works to be printed. Scholars are not certain when each of the 154 sonnets was composed, but evidence suggests that Shakespeare wrote sonnets throughout his career for a private readership. Even before the two unauthorised sonnets appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim in 1599, Francis Meres had referred in 1598 to Shakespeares sugred Sonnets among his private friends. Few analysts believe that the published collection follows Shakespeares intended sequence. He seems to have planned two contrasting series: one about uncontrollable lust for a married woman of dark complexion (the dark lady), and one about conflicted love for a fair young man (the fair youth). It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial I who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets Shakespeare unlocked his heart. The 1609 edition was dedicated to a Mr. W. H. , credited as the only begetter of the poems. It is not known whether this was written by Shakespeare himself or by the publisher, Thomas Thorpe, whose initials appear at the foot of the dedication page; nor is it known who Mr. W. H. was, despite numerous theories, or whether Shakespeare even authorised the publication. Critics praise the Sonnets as a profound meditation on the nature of love, sexual passion, procreation, death, and time. ESTABLISHING HIMSELF By 1597, 15 of the 37 plays written by William Shakespeare were published. Civil records show that at this time he purchased the second largest house in Stratford, called New House, for his family. It was a four-day ride by horse from Stratford to London, so it is believed that Shakespeare spent most of his time in the city writing and acting and came home once a year during the 40-day Lenten period, when the theatres were closed. By 1599, William Shakespeare and his business partners built their own theater on the south bank of the Thames River, which they called the Globe. In 1605, Shakespeare purchased leases of real estate near Stratford for 440 pounds, which doubled in value and earned him 60 pounds a year. THE MERMAID TAVERN GROUP About this time Shakespeare became one of the group of now-famous writers who gathered at the Mermaid Tavern located on Bread Street in Cheapside. The Friday Street Club (also called the Mermaid Clu was formed by Sir Walter Raleigh. Ben Jonson was its leading spirit. Shakespeare was a popular member. He was admired for his talent and loved for his kindliness. Thomas Fuller, writing about 50 years later, gave an amusing account of the conversational duels between Shakespeare and Jonson: Many were the wit-combats betwixt him and Ben Jonson; which two I behold like a Spanish great galleon and an English man-of-war; Master Jonson (like the former) was built far higher in learning; solid, but slow, in his performances. Shakespeare, with the English man-of-war, lesser in bulk, but lighter in sailing, could turn with all tides, tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by the quickness of his wit and invention. Jonson sometimes criticized Shakespeare harshly. Nevertheless he later wrote a eulogy of Shakespeare that is remarkable for its feeling and acuteness. In it he said: Leave thee alone, for the comparison Of all that insolent Greece or haughty Rome Sent forth, or since did from their ashes come. Triumph, my Britain, thou hast one to show To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time! Sweet Swan of Avon! what a sight it were To see thee in our waters yet appear, And make those flights upon the banks of Thames, That so did take Eliza, and our James! WRITING STYLE William Shakespeares early plays were written in the conventional style of the day, with elaborate metaphors and rhetorical phrases that didnt always align naturally with the storys plot or characters. However, Shakespeare was very innovative, adapting the traditional style to his own purposes and creating a freer flow of words. With only small degrees of variation, Shakespeare primarily used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, or blank verse, to compose his plays. At the same time, there are passages in all the plays that deviate from this and use forms of poetry or simple prose. Shakespeare combined poetic genius with a practical sense of the theatre. Like all playwrights of the time, he dramatised stories from sources such as Plutarch and Holinshed. He reshaped each plot to create several centres of interest and to show as many sides of a narrative to the audience as possible. This strength of design ensures that a Shakespeare play can survive translation, cutting and wide interpretation without loss to its core drama. As Shakespeare’s mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. MARRIAGE AND LIFE IN LONDON In 1582, when he was 18, he married Anne Hathaway. She was from Shottery, a village a mile (1. 6 kilometers) from Stratford. Anne was seven or eight years older than Shakespeare. From this difference in their ages, a story arose that they were unhappy together. Their first daughter, Susanna, was born in 1583. In 1585 a twin boy and girl, Hamnet and Judith, were born. What Shakespeare did between 1583 and 1592 is not known. Various stories are told. He may have taught school, worked in a lawyers office, served on a rich mans estate, or traveled with a company of actors. One famous story says that about 1584 he and some friends were caught poaching on the estate of Sir Thomas Lucy of Carlecote, near Warwick, and were forced to leave town. A less likely story is that he was in London in 1588. There he was supposed to have held horses for theater patrons and later to have worked in the theaters as a page. By 1592, however, Shakespeare was definitely in London and was already recognized as an actor and playwright. He was then 28 years old. In that year Robert Greene, a playwright, accused him of borrowing from the plays of others. Between 1592 and 1594, plague kept the London theaters closed most of the time. During these years Shakespeare wrote his earliest sonnets and two long narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. Both were printed by Richard Field, a boyhood friend from Stratford. They were well received and helped establish him as a poet. RELIGION Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeares family were Catholics, at a time when Catholic practice was against the law. Shakespeares mother, Mary Arden, certainly came from a pious Catholic family. The strongest evidence might be a Catholic statement of faith signed by John Shakespeare, found in 1757 in the rafters of his former house in Henley Street. The document is now lost, however, and scholars differ as to its authenticity. In 1591 the authorities reported that John Shakespeare had missed church for fear of process for debt, a common Catholic excuse. In 1606 the name of Williams daughter Susanna appears on a list of those who failed to attend Easter communion in Stratford. Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeares Catholicism in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove either way. SHAKESPEARE PROSPERS Until 1598 Shakespeares theater work was confined to a district northeast of London. This was outside the city walls, in the parish of Shoreditch. Located there were two playhouses, the Theatre and the Curtain. Both were managed by James Burbage, whose son Richard Burbage was Shakespeares friend and the greatest tragic actor of his day. Up to 1596 Shakespeare lived near these theaters in Bishopsgate, where the North Road entered the city. Sometime between 1596 and 1599, he moved across the Thames River to a district called Bankside. There, two theaters, the Rose and the Swan, had been built by Philip Henslowe. He was James Burbages chief competitor in London as a theater manager. The Burbages also moved to this district in 1598 and built the famous Globe Theatre. Its sign showed Atlas supporting the world. Shakespeare was associated with the Globe Theatre for the rest of his active life. He owned shares in it, which brought him much money. Meanwhile, in 1597, Shakespeare had bought New Place, the largest house in Stratford. During the next three years he bought other property in Stratford and in London. The year before, his father, probably at Shakespeares suggestion, applied for and was granted a coat of arms. It bore the motto Non sanz droictNot without right. From this time on, Shakespeare could write Gentleman after his name. This meant much to him, for in his day actors were classed legally with criminals and vagrants. Shakespeares name first appeared on the title pages of his printed plays in 1598. In the same year Francis Meres, in Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury, praised him as a poet and dramatist. Meress comments on 12 of Shakespeares plays showed that Shakespeares genius was recognized in his own time. HONORED AS ACTOR AND PLAYWRIGHT Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603. King James I followed her to the throne. Shakespeares theatrical company was taken under the kings patronage and called the Kings Company. Shakespeare and the other actors were made officers of the royal household. The theatrical company was the most successful of its time. Before it was the Kings Company, it had been known as the Earl of Derbys and the Lord Chamberlains. In 1608 the company acquired the Blackfriars Theatre. This was a smaller and more aristocratic theater than the Globe. Thereafter the company alternated between the two playhouses. Plays by Shakespeare were also performed at the royal court and in the castles of the nobles. After 1603 Shakespeare probably acted little, although he was still a good actor. His favorite roles seem to have been old Adam in As You Like It and the Ghost in Hamlet. In 1607, when he was 43, he may have suffered a serious physical breakdown. In the same year his older daughter Susanna married John Hall, a doctor. The next year Shakespeares first grandchild, Elizabeth, was born. Also in 1607 his brother Edmund, also a London actor, died at the age of 27. GLOBE THEATRE The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company, the Lord Chamberlains Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named Shakespeares Globe, opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. The Globe was owned by actors who were also shareholders in Lord Chamberlains Men. Two of the six Globe shareholders, Richard Burbage and his brother Cuthbert Burbage, owned double shares of the whole, or 25% each; the other four men, Shakespeare, John Heminges, Augustine Phillips, andThomas Pope, owned a single share FAMOUS QUOTES All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more; it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Listen to many, speak to a few. CRITICAL REPUTATION Shakespeare was not revered in his lifetime, but he received a large amount of praise. In 1598, the cleric and author Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as the most excellent in both comedy and tragedy. And the authors of the Parnassus plays at St Johns College, Cambridge, numbered him with Chaucer, Gower and Spenser. In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage, though he had remarked elsewhere that Shakespeare wanted art. FIRST FOLIO Mr. William Shakespeares’ Comedies, Histories, Tragedies is the 1623 published collection of William Shakespeares plays. Modern scholars commonly refer to it as the First Folio. Printed in folio format and containing 36 plays (see list of Shakespeares plays), it was prepared by Shakespeares colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell. It was dedicated to the incomparable pair of brethren William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke and his brother Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery (later 4th Earl of Pembroke). Although eighteen of Shakespeares plays had been published in quarto prior to 1623, the First Folio is the only reliable text for about twenty of the plays, and a valuable source text even for many of those previously published. The Folio includes all of the plays generally accepted to be Shakespeares, with the exception of Pericles, Prince of Tyre and The Two Noble Kinsmen, and the two lost plays, Cardenio and Loves Labours Won. W. W. Greg has argued that Edward Knight, the book-keeper or book-holder (prompter) of the Kings Men, did the actual proofreading of the manuscript sources for the First Folio. Knight is known to have been responsible for maintaining and annotating the companys scripts, and making sure that the cuts and changes ordered by the Master of the Revels were complied with. DEATH Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and was survived by his wife and two daughters. Susanna had married a physician, John Hall, in 1607, and Judith had married Thomas Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeare’s death. In his will, Shakespeare left the bulk of his large estate to his elder daughter Susanna. The terms instructed that she pass it down intact to the first son of her body. Shakespeares will scarcely mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to one third of his estate automatically. He did make a point, however, of leaving her my second best bed, a bequest that has led to much speculation. Some scholars see the bequest as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance. Shakespeare was buried in the chancel of the Holy Trinity Church two days after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone slab covering his grave includes a curse against moving his bones, which was carefully avoided during restoration of the church in 2008.

Concept of Religious Fundamentalism and Violence

Concept of Religious Fundamentalism and Violence The intersection of religion and violence is a complex conversation which continues to progress (Gluck, 2010). This essay will critically assess whether religious fundamentalism and violence are always intertwined. To come to a decision, we must get a better understanding of the term fundamentalism and why a negative connotation of religion is attached to it. This involves discussing the roots and historical context in which the term was first presented and how it became applied to Islam. We will then consider whether Political objectives behind fundamentalists cause the violence rather than the fundamental ideologies itself or if it is a mixture of both. This will involve discussing the political goals behind the gunpower plot which invoked the marginalisation of Catholics. If religion was protected successfully over history would there be fundamentalist groups, particularly extremists. We will determine if religious fundamentalism has become shorthand to represent whats genuinely p olitics. Furthermore, well look at two extreme fundamentalists groups and how far they went to defend their beliefs and why violence is connected. This will be rivalled with the behaviour of more conservative fundamentalists who respond to the failure of the nation state in a less destructive way. Finally, we will conclude whether religious fundamentalism and violence are always intertwined and if that is the populist belief. Fundamentalism is as an explanatory term which is employed and exploited when used to describe a distinguishing religious movement in the 20th and 21st century and its affiliation with modern society. The term is used in relation to traditional faiths in a 20th century reality and to reaffirm the beliefs and ideologies in a situation which has been influenced by social and economic beliefs (Davie, 2013). Fundamentalism is the rational response of traditionally religious people to social, political and economic changes that downgrade and constrain the role of religion in the public world (Bruce 2008:120). This definition by Bruce, is akin to the ideas of Davie who maintains, that fundamentalism is an outcome of traditional values which were originally protected but have become disrupted and challenged from the outside. Davie goes on to distinguish the way which the threat occurs, from the outside in the form of modernity and from members who develop new ideals (Davie, 2013). We begin to unravel the term fundamentalism and associate its relationship with religion and in what manner it is presented. Fundamentalism originated from American Protestantism, there was great concern for believers who were replacing the biblical view for a more liberal understanding (Welnber Pedahzur, 2003). Religious Fundamentalism involves believers returning to the fixed laws whereby only one interpretation can be used amongst all to preserve religious laws over profane laws. We begin to see how religious fundamentalism has set precedence in the company of believers. Those in support of Christian fundamentalism were marginalised because of modernisation (Koopmans, 2015).ÂÂ   Fundamentalism is believed to be a reactive situation to modernization and secularisation, which will be explained via the loss of religious identify across Christianity, Islam and Jews. A Marxist view suggests that through the reaction of losing members to the materialistic world there has been a rise in fundamentalism whereby recessions and unemployment creates attitudes and a loss of identity amongst groups who edge tow ards fundamentalist groups to stabilize the marginalization of their religion (Almond, Appleby Sivan, 2003; Rarsch, 2015). Through discussing Modernization and the secular world we begin to see how specific Fundamentalist groups came about. Christian Fundamentalists became known following the urbanization of society, creating a decline in tradition and belief in sacred texts. The term fundamentalism in Christianity has become popular among Catholics and Protestants who believe the word of the bible comes directly from God and discard historical and modern interpretations of the word. Fundamentalism in Islam however is excessively used by the media and the state to refer to terrorists as Muslim, this view is not a true depiction of Fundamentalists in Islam. Those known as terrorists are on the extremist side whereas most Muslim Fundamentalists attend the mosque, encourage reading the Quran and follow teachings of Mohammed (Almond, Appleby and Sivan, 2003). This leads us to understand that although fundamentalism occurs in Islam and Christianity it is also a movement within Hinduism, Judaism and other religious communities (Pratt, 2010). Recognizing these fundamentalist groups, we initiate the discussion of fundamentalist groups who set off the violence, damage people and property and whose mentality involves an us versus them outlook (Davie 2013). There is an intolerable relationship when discussing fundamentalism and politics, theres an unwillingness to be accepting of the similarities and differences between groups (Mason, Feldman 2011). The leadership of the state and it actions towards society particularly changes in government or policy which shape the developments and roles of religious based movements. Moreover, fundamentalist extremists have turned to violence to progress their religious movement and reach political goals (Almond, Appleby and Sivan, 2003). When exploring the case of Guy Fawkes and the establishment of the Gun Powder Plot there are well built links with the religion and the state. The plot surfaced to assassinate James I and the ruling Protestant elite after there was an attack on Roman Catholics by introducing an anti-Catholic legislation, once again separating the church and state which left the Catholics feeling excluded which they reacted to by plotting to murder James I. This violent event occurre d because of the fundamentalist ideological route which in certain circumstances produce a terrorist however, not all fundamentalists result to violent behaviour. Although the Plot failed, it demonstrated how the state can use religion as a tool for control consequently leading to desperate measures involving violence. This had significant consequences for Catholics who had to deal with the new laws being passed which blocked their ability to vote in parliamentary elections and practice law (The Socialist Newspaper, 2005). This violent act of terrorism by the Fundamentalists is a historical moment which was not the last and not only within Christianity. Terrorism can be defined as an act intended to hurt more than one person and to instigate change, this term has no roots within fundamentalism which is having faith on the road to having a religious belief system. The term was originally used to describe political groups but has altered to a focus on religion, which no longer focuses solely on Christianity but includes other religions. Many Muslims are concerned with the violent link of terrorism and their religion, the focus should be on Islamic fundamentalism and politics rather than the religion itself. A link ought to be made between religious groups and violent incidents taking place as a reaction to lack of religious freedom whilst, being conscious that violence doesnt take place with all members of the fundamentalist movement (Rausch, 2015). Using France as an example, in 2005 Frances National Assembly declared the removal of signs or dress by which students ostensibly express a religious belonging, wearing a hijab was conside red a threatening act by Muslim fundamentalists (Alan, 2013). The disguised attack on Islam has created a social division in France and has led to various violent attacks taking place with the objective to have an ultimate battle with believers and non-believers by means of achieving their goals through violence (Burke, 2016). This discussion directs us to consider acts of violence by extreme fundamentalists as on going, their goals are long term and for God, terrorists do not expect to live long enough to see how the attacks play out (Rausch, 2015). If religious Fundamentalism and violence are intertwined it is because of western societys disapproval of the Islamic religion or because of fundamentalist groups viewing themselves as superior (Alan, 2013). If we look at the terrorist attacks of 9/11 although it may have been directed at the economic and political structures of the USA it effected the whole world, followed by attacks in Madrid 2004 and London 2005. The terrorist attacks have also wounded Muslims in Nigeria and Sudan suggesting the motivation for the attacks belong to globalisation whereby people are dependent on the market and tradition is overlooked. The association religion and violence have in the 21st century exposes the control of politics, and people deal with this by finding religious fundamentalism movements who use violence to help make sense of the secular world (Huber, 2011). Societies inevitably secularise as they modernize: it is contradictory to be modern and religious, this is the definition used when discussing secularisation theories (Woodhead, 2012:3). Religious fundamentalists are judged badly whereas secularists are deemed good and great when truthfully have played a part in the privatisation of religion (Alan, 2013). Due to secularisation, the education system has become more modernised and schools have limited religious freedom. The state encourages misleading behaviour via material which Is offensive and immoral for religious groups with no intent to protect the religion of others which isolates them and encourages them to challenge the situation (Almond, Appleby and Sivan, 2003) (Bruce, 2011). Therefore, although certain religious fundamentalist groups have resulted to violence to achieve their goals it is more intertwined with the state and how they impact the decisions made. Furthermore, there is an increasing appeal to claim that religion and politics is not an ideal combination and the reason for the war and violence is because of religion. Whenever fundamentalism and secularism is discussed, its within a violent connotation and asserts the behaviour of religious fundamentalists is revenge against the state for trying to separate religion from politics and an aim to bring religion back to public life which unfortunately involves violence (Armstrong, 2014). Secularisation can also be discussed using a legislation from France where they separated religion from the state through a policy La Laicite whereby the practice of religion is privatised and the state removes their involvement with religion (Trigg, 2007). Yet again we see the involvement of politics associating religious fundamentalism with violence instead of relating the detrimental effects legislations, isolation, disregard for moral values can have on others particularly the youth, diminishing the importance of religion (AbdulRahim, 2010). Most Muslims who feel like they are losing their religious identity are not prepared to practice their religion in a private space. Dress code and dietary values are embedded in their beliefs which makes it difficult to disconnect that from their practices. Isolation of many young Muslims in the western world because of economic and political marginalisation leads them to feeling distant and hostile towards the state which can lead to the construction of sub cultures which arrange events such as the July 2005 terror attacks (Gole, 2014). We cant solely link Islam to violence there are other groups who engage in illegal activity due to being subjected to social and economic marginalisation (Abbas, 2007). Discussing the political goals of Islamic fundamentalists who are terrorists we can see similarities between what steered them to violent acts when looking at Guy Fawkes 17th Century Terrorism. Guy Fawkes was a Catholic who wanted to rid England of its Protestant state by assassinating James I, who was failing the church. It can be argued he fought like a jihadist today who are described as a military movement as they fight for what they identify as right similar with Guy Fawkes. Fawkes believed the best way to spread the Catholic ideology was through terrorist force, he believed Catholicism was the dominant faith and was determined to promote their doctrines rather than the laws of the country. The goal was ultimately politically similar with Islam who resort to terrorist attacks to promote their political ideology through the state by means of the sharia law. Fawkes plot targeted members from another Christian Sect, this demonstrates fundamentalists who promote their violent behaviour through a religious ideology. It is a product of the individual movement in the case of Islam, not all who believe in the Salafi sect and their chosen behaviour are extremists who resort to violent behaviour (Mason Feldman, 2011). The tragic events of 9/11 and 7/7 have a left a hostile reaction from the world towards Muslims and Islam, the reactions of the government have been made public and influenced the minds of society (Abbas, 2007). The consequences for the attacks has left Muslims susceptible to racial and ethnic profiling in the criminal justice system and the aftermath is the government focusing on legislation rather than seeing the situation from the view of society similar to the events after the Gun Power Plot (Mason Feldman, 2011). Instead, the government allow the public to accept the belief that those responsible for the terrorist attacks are Muslims, history continues to repeat itself (Abbas, 2007). Deliberating religious fundamentalism and violence reminds us of the Golden rule rooted across religion, to treat your neighbour as you would want to be treated which ultimately shouldnt lead to violence. Yet, in most religion there has never been a hint of no violence across the board, in one way or another all religions have had to deal with the globalised world where violence is unavoidable. For Christians who rejected all forms of violence the moral compass was Jesus and his teachings of love particularly since his death on the cross was extremely violent which could have led to Christianitys turn away from violence (Huber, 2011). Notably for some fundamentalists the belief in the bible scriptures is a manual for how they should live their lives and they oppose those who dont adopt their ideals which can lead to a damaging relationship with fundamentalism, especially those unwilling to be accepting of similarities and differences (Mason Feldman, 2011). We need to continue discus sing how far fundamentalist groups will go to defend beliefs and values. Granting most fundamental religious beliefs have a trace of violent activities not all groups result to violent behaviour despite the politics and secularisation. Mormons are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and their values involves having a strong moral compass and regularly attending religious meetings to discuss how to be a nonviolent active member of the church whilst living in a secular world which diminishes traditional values (Cornwall, Heaton Young 2001). This is similar with Jehovah Witnesses, a more conservative group who base their decisions on a matter of conscience and try to live a life with no immoral actions. They also condemn angry behaviour which leads to violent actions and try to live a life central to Gods teachings and protect society from a corrupt and sinful lifestyle without the use of violence (BBC 2009; Holden, 2005). Both conservative groups demonstrate nonviolent behaviour which leads us to consider that religious fundamentalis m and violence may not be intertwined. When discussing extremist fundamentalist groups, most assert their violent behaviour being taken from biblical ideologies, they believe that they are practicing the one true faith and this religious ideology is known as Christian Identity is a (Perlmutter, 2003; Sharpe 2000). The norms of the Christian Identity are influenced by the Ku Klux Klan who justify acts of violence against the government, Jews, homosexuals and non-whites who they believe are not human or a part of Gods creation. Ultimately believing that aggressive behaviour against marginalised groups is part of the plan to restore Gods supreme white race and establish protestant Christian values (Sharpe, 2000). Whilst this ideology was popular among members it was not accepted by ministers and other Christians who prohibited the connection with Protestant Christianity (Baker, 2009). This view was held in particular because of Klansmen who would perform cross burnings which they understood to be a symbol of respect for Jesu s which they felt was rooted in Christian tradition (Wade, 1998). This interpretation which has been taken from the bible has created a fight where they believe whites are the supreme race fighting for God and non-whites are fighting for Satan (Selepak Sutherland, 2012). The apocalyptic belief extremists hold which emphasises a violent war between good and bad is evidence of the religion being used to defend violent actions and recruit members to join extremist fundamentalist groups (Perlmutter, 2003). This is reinforced in Biblical literature filled with murder stories thereby legitimising violent behaviour and allowing young people to steer towards non-conventional fundamentalist groups with charismatic leaders when feeling distant (Sharpe, 2000). The faith fundamentalist groups have for their charismatic leaders and the justifications for the violent behaviour which they encourage has strengthened the number of members for both the Ku Klux Klan and ISIS whilst ignoring the traditional values from the founders of both Islam and Christianity whic h endorses peace and love for others (Fieudberg, 2014). This suggests that although religious fundamentalist groups will use violence to defend their beliefs they only use parts of their religious literature as a means of achieving this. This question has allowed us to discuss whether religious fundamentalism and violence are always intertwined. From defining religious fundamentalism and examining the term in a historical and political context to deliberating fundamentalist groups who have used acts of violence to make their voice heard. We also looked at the misconceptions of conservative fundamentalist groups who do not use violence as a means of displaying their anger even if the nation state is failing them. Weve discovered that acts of violence and terrorism does not only belong to religious fundamentalism and is the result of a fundamentalist ideological route, more so the behaviour rather than the religious traditions. This is the issue that faces us today. Whats more is Religious fundamentalism and the state are more intertwined and despite secularisation and the lack of support culturally and economically when violence occurs the media and the state create a story which links a religious group to violence. W hat needs to be publicised is when the nation state fails society by isolating the oppressed in many different conditions. We need to appreciate what broader purpose is being served by linking religious fundamentalism to violence. Violence occurs as a consequence of extreme political legislations and marginalisation of groups rather than as a result of religious beliefs.